Aside discussing the political parties in nigeria, this write up will equally discuss about the political history of nigeria. Summary of observations and recommendations 3 recommendations 4 ii. Toyin falola, a leading historian intimately acquainted. Download nigerian society of engineers past question pdf by qanda. The history of nigeria explained in 6 minutes 3,000 years of. Most countries hold elections in at least the formal sense, but. Pdf the 2019 presidential election is one of the most keenly and closely contested in the history of nigerian presidential elections since the. The nigerian political economy in transition sani musa february 2006 the military handed over power to a civilian administration on may 29th 1999 with the inauguration of president olusegun obasanjo and 36 civilian state governors. Introduction 6 the ndi election observation mission 6 the new government and the crisis of legitimacy 7 the nigerian elections in the regional context 8.
History of political parties in nigeria nigerian finder. Journal of nigeria studies volume 1, number 1, fall 2010 regime character, electoral crisis and prospects of electoral reform in nigeria. Elections and governance in nigerias fourth republic is a book about nigerian politics, governance and democracy. The legislative powers of the federal republic of nigeria shall be vested in a national assembly for the federation, which shall consist of a senate and a house of representatives. Its seven most populous cities each house more than one million people, and about one out of two west africans is from nigeria. Nigeria is largely seen as a history of electoral fraud and violence. This law library of congress report analyzes electoral law in nigeria, particularly the legal. Kunle animashaun abstract since 1999 when civil politics was restored to nigeria, discourse on the appropriate electoral.
Elections in nigeria are forms of choosing representatives to the nigerian federal government and the various states in the fourth republic nigeria. Nigeria was granted independence on october 1, 1960. Then came the 1993 elections in history of elections in nigeria, the l99 elections is seen as the most free and fair elections ever conducted in nigeria general ibrahim babangida, who overthrew the general buharis government, organized an inconclusive transition that was perceived in some quarters to deny a yoruba, chief m. In view of this, the thrust of this paper is a reflection on the tides of electoral violence and the attendant precipitating factors. However, the election was infamously annulled by the military dictator, general. Nigeria current affairs 2020 questions and answers pdf.
Nigerias history of electoral violence is, for many, an unfortunately accepted fact. Pdf this paper examines election rigging and its effect on democratic consolidation in nigeria relying on qualitative approach, using. Voters elected the president and members to the house of representatives and the senate. Nigerias 2015 presidential election was the fifth in a row since the military left the political scene in 1999. This situation report follows a threeweek visit by the author to nigeria principally abuja the federal capital and lagos the commercial capital in march 2011. In 1999, nigeria made a definitive break with a postindependence history.
The history of nigeria explained in 6 minutes 3,000 years. Elections nigeria inec yiaga auburn comparative corruption administration democracy observers. Journal of nigeria studies volume 1, number 1, fall 2010. Library of congress federal research division country profile. The violence was triggered by a belief that challenger muhammadu buhari, a northerner. Nigeria s election below the minimum democracy standard. Electoral reforms and democratic stability in nigeria. Apr 26, 2018 history of elections in nigeria nigeria has a rich history of political affairs that changed the direction of the country. Nigeria, july 2008 2 of slaves flowed north across the sahara for a millennium, ending only at the beginning of the twentieth century.
The elections were first scheduled to be held on 14 february 2015. Within nigeria, slavery was widespread and bore social implications that are still evident. Nigerian election as basis for political struggle the. Central intelligence agency 2 november 1970, national intelligence estimate 64. Independent national electoral commission inec since nigerians return to electoral democracy in 1999, marked a watershed in the history of the conduct of elections in the country being the first election that was appraised by both local and international observers as being. The current constitution was enacted on 29 may 1999, inaugurating the nigerian fourth republic. In the 1959 elections held in preparation for independence, the npc. Kindly drop your comment here in case of any heads up, questions or contributions. This journey on a normal nontraffic day takes less than thirty minutes and today the pvcpermanent voters cardhas. The elections were to be a milestone in nigeria s history, which has been plagued by military rule, political instability.
Pdp which has been the ruling party since 1999 faced its toughest opposition in apc which was formed on february 6, 20 with the merger of action congress of nigeria. This is not only peculiar to nigeria but also advanced. Nigerias election history has always been marred by various levels of violence at the pre, during and post election phases, with high consequences including deaths, displacement and destruction of livelihood as was witnessed in the 2011 general elections. Nigeria is a famous country with more than one hundred and forty million population. Nigeria is the continents most populous country, has the largest economy and is its leading oil producer. English law from background with britain common law customary law, based on tradition and indigenous practices sharia law, used in the northern part. Observations and lessons from election administration in nigeria. These topic pages provide a quick overview and easy access to all content that can be found on ace for any give topic of interest weather encyclopaedia files, electoral materials, comparative data, consolidated replies, case studies, or other. Dr nnamdi azikiwe of the national council for nigeria and the cameroon, an igbo from south. During his tenure, he reduced fuel price from 87 naira to 85 naira and also promised that he will build refineries across the country. Electoral politics in the fourth republic of nigerias democratic.
Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria. On 1 october 1960 the federation of nigeria achieved independence, initially as a constitutional monarchy. It was the most expensive election ever to be held on the african continent. Channels television updated february 7, 2015 the independent national electoral commission in nigeria inec has announced a shift in the general elections dates to march 28 and april 11. However, the implication of nigerias electoral history for the enthronement of a democratic order is yet to be exhaustively explored. What is really wrong with nigeria electioneering process is the wheel to be on power at all cost not minding the interest of the masses, every political party that. Pdf the electoral process and democratic consolidation. Nigerias election below the minimum democracy standard. The high level of success of nigerias 2015 general elections was unexpected, considering the difficult political and security environment in which the elections were conducted. Problem of elections in nigeria free essays, term papers. In some cases, electoral forms are present but the substance of an election is missing, as when voters do not have a free and genuine choice between at least two alternatives. However, the implication of nigeria s electoral history for the enthronement of a democratic order is yet to be exhaustively explored. A highly accessible, easy to use app version of the constitution of nigeria the supreme law of the federal republic of nigeria with its 1st, 2nd and 3rd amendments. Most stakeholders of the democratic process seems cultured to the militarization of democracy in nigeria.
The independent national electoral commission inec is an institution empowered by the 1999 constitution to conduct election in nigeria, as an umpire the institution is supposed to be truly independent in other to conduct a free and fair election, the commission over the years as shown to the public that is not capable of conducting a free and. History of general elections in nigeria from 1999 till. In doing these as well as in their daytoday life, the. Comparative study of 2011 and 2015 presidential elections in. An analysis grace malachi brown, phd department of history and diplomatic studies faculty of humanities rivers state university of education pmb 5047, rumuolumeni port harcourt, rivers state nigeria. Click on the button below to download the complete nigeria current affairs 2020 questions and answers pdf file 120 pages. Ahistoryofnigeria assets cambridge university press. To win the vote, a presidential candidate must obtain an absolute majority or at least 25 percent of the ballots in twothirds of the. Introduction nigeria and nigerians have been caught in the frenzy of centenary celebration.
The first set of political parties to be formed in nigeria was formed. The 2011 presidential, national assembly, gubernatorial, and state assembly elections provide an historic opportunity for nigeria. Problems of election in nigeria by uwhejevwetogbolo samuel. In any case, well be taking a critical look at the leading candidates in the forthcoming presidential race, including their respective chances of becoming the next president of the federal republic of nigeria come may 29, 2019. Nigeria is a country with device ethnic group and corrugated different political motive ranging from the individual perspective to the political parties. On this page you can read or download history of education in nigeria pdf in pdf format. The election was extended to 29 march due to delays and technical problems with the biometric card readers. History of political parties in nigeria will never be complete if mention is not made of the various political bigwigs in the history of this country.
Nigeria department of field support cartographic section map no. The elections were adjudged to be free, fair and credible by both local and international observers. The ncnc, now headed by azikiwe who had taken control after macaulays death in 1946, formed a coalition with balewas npc after neither party won a majority in the 1959 elections. Under the constitution, each of the three regions retained a substantial measure of selfgovernment. Nigeria gained full independence in october 1960, as a federation of three regions northern, western, and eastern under a constitution that provided for a parliamentary form of government. Controversy shrouds the role of nigerian legislature in national development. Nigerias 2011 general election received high praise for being wellmanaged. Numerous ancient african civilizations settled in the region that is today nigeria, such as the kingdom of nri, the benin empire, and the oyo empire. Nigerians elects on the federal level a head of state the president of nigeria and a legislature the national assembly. A study of some selected local government areas in ondo state, nigeria. Domestic observers civil society, ngos and everyone else were determined that this time around, nigeria was going to have a free and fair election. Committee, with the specific mandate of devising ways of making elections in nigeria free and fair. In view of this, the thrust of this paper is a reflection on the tides of electoral violence and the attendant precipitating factors that make free and fair election pretty difficult in nigeria. One basic assumption of contemporary liberal democratic theory is the efficient management of elections as a fundamental prerequisite for democratic order.
Elections and governance in nigerias fourth republic. The elections will be conducted by nigerias election management body, the independent national electoral commission inec. Final ndi report on nigerias 2007 elections table of contents i. D department of political science and public administration university of uyo, nigeria abstract. We also must not forget the role played by the international community. I think that the elections in nigeria will be ranked among the most observed elections. It is against this background that, this study examines election and political violence in nigeria with a view to unraveling the causes and proferring solutions to avoiding the past mistakes in the subsequent elections.
However, for elections to be termed democratic, it must be free and fair. Jan 10, 2016 political history of nigeria since independence 1960 till date introduction by the time nigeria gained its independence, it was entering a period of rapid social and economic change, and many people were quite optimistic about its future. But postelection violence claimed 800 lives over three days in northern nigeria and displaced 65,000 people, making the elections the most violent in nigerias history. Nigeria and leader of the action group ag party, became leader of the opposition in the federal house. Pdf the electoral process and democratic consolidation in nigeria. The history of nigeria can be traced to prehistoric settlers nigerians living in the area as early as 1100 bc. General muhammadu buhari became nigera president in 2015 after the year 2015 free and fair election. Virtually all the political parties are caught in the web of electoral malpractice. Ahistoryofnigeria nigeria is africas most populous country and the worlds eighth largest oil producer, but its success has been undermined in recent decades by ethnic and religious con. Electoral politics in the fourth republic of nigerias.
Islam reached nigeria through the borno empire between 1068 ad and hausa states. This paper investigates comparative study of 2011 and 2015 presidential elections in nigeria with specific focuson the fourth republic, from the comparative analysis perspectives. The paper concludes that for nigeria to experience sustainable socioeconomic. The electoral process and democratic consolidation in nigeria. Nigeria history pdf nigeria history pdf nigeria history pdf download. Not many people know about the first general election in nigeria that happened 96 years ago.
The history of nigeria can be traced to prehistoric settlers nigerians living in the area as early. The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative means of data collection. Mko abiola was considered by many observers as the freest and fairest election in nigerias political history. Nigerias 2019 elections united states institute of peace. A new constitution established a federal system with an elected prime minister and a ceremonial head of state. The incumbent president, goodluck jonathan sought his second and final term. Abstract this paper examined the extent to which the citizens are involved in political activities. Nigerias 2015 election in perspective 125 opponents of president jo nathan in the southwest region, leading to the formation of a national opposition pa rty the all progressives congress. If you dont see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom v. To varying degrees, every election in nigerias modern history has.
History of elections in nigeria nigeria has a rich history of political affairs that changed the direction of the country. Elections and governance in nigerias fourth republic is a book about nigerian politics, governance and. Nigeria, history of nigeria, kingdom of ife, sokoto nigeria, nigerian history, nigerian history documentary, nigeria 2018, nigeria documentary, nigerian. Ok,i have not been making this nigeria election thingy my business maybe because has not been affecting my life until yesterday after i stayed in ikorodu road traffic all because of pdp campaign,sweating and frustrated for more than three hours from ojuelegba to ojota. From the time of the first republic, nigerias electoral history has been. While the election was adjudged to be free and fair, the. Emerging patterns of violence related to the general election campaigns.
Corruption in nigeria from a historical point of view with new headway elementary teachers book 1 pdf heavy concentration network paper pdf on political. Nigeria history pdf of history and strategic studies, university of lagos, nigeria. The independent national electoral commission inec was established by the 1999 constitution of the federal republic of nigeria to among other things organize elections into various political offices in the country. Nigeria is the most populous cou ntry in africa, the second biggest economy, the third largest military power and the biggest oil producer 10th oil producer in the world. Thus, through the use of comparative theoryunfolds the causes responsible for the opposition travail in the 2015 election in nigeria. General elections were held in nigeria on 28 and 29 march 2015, the fifth quadrennial election to be held since the end of military rule in 1999. Political leadership and corruption in nigeria since 1960.
Chapter 1 representative democracy in nigeria introduction democracy is the form of government, in which the people of a country, state or local government area decide how they want to be governed. Lukman that nigeria badly needed a leadership that can rescue the country from the depth of chronic indiscipline, disorder. A brief history of general elections in nigeria 1999 to 2019. Nigeria is a clear indication that grassroots administration in the country. Download nigerian society of engineers past question pdf. Elections and governance in nigerias fourth republic on jstor. Elections in nigeria can be traced to as far back as the year 1923 when the country faced first. Download nigeria current affairs 2020 questions and answers pdf. Geographical, historical and political profiles of nigeria 1. The theoretical framework for the study is cultural relativism.